Glossary

Ragi in Indonesia men  in Vietnam and marcha, phab, and hamei  in the Himalayas are examples of amylolytic starters for rice wine preparation. Such starters principally consist of uncooked rice flour to which a local mix of herbs and spices is added. The flour and herbs are moistened with some water to form a dough, which are made into small balls or flattened discs, spread on an incubation tray, and sprinkled with previously powderedstarters. they atre then for a few days incubated in a heated room at about 60°C .

Raib is a traditional Maroccan fermented milk product, that is still produced mainly at househiold level by simply allowing raw milk to ferment and coagulate spontaneously at room temperature (15° to 25°C) for 1 to 3 days depending on the season. It can be consumed as such or churned in a clay jar to separate the liquid phase (lben) from fat (zabda).

The spoilage and decomposition of fats, fatty acids and oils through exposure to oxygen. Causes an unpleasant odour and flavour in food.

Recombinant somatotropin, rBST (previously called bovine growth hormone, rBGH), is a genetically engineered hormone injected into dairy cows to increase milk production. Milk from rBST-treated cows is used in dairy products including ice cream, butter, cheese and yogurt.

The United States does not require companies to label the use of rBST in their products, although it was banned in the European Union in 1990. The use of rBST in dairy cows has been shown to increase the concentrations of IGF-1, a protein naturally found in milk.

Though research is mixed on the extent to which dairy consumption is linked to increased cancer risk, higher blood levels of IGF-1 have been linked to increased risk for pre-menopausal breast cancer.

A nutrient reference value indicating amounts of energy, nutrients and other dietary components to best support health and wellbeing.

Sugars that can be oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent. Reducing sugars contain a hemiacetal group (one –OR and one –OH group) that can open to form an aldehyde or ketone group that can react with an oxidizing agent. Reducing sugars react e.g. with amino acids in the Maillard reaction.

A customer gained through a recommendation from someone else.

Residual debt is a type of debt that remains after a loan or other debt has been fully paid off. The remaining amount after a debt is repaid is known as the residual debt, which can also be referred to as a residual balance or remaining balance. Residual debt can accrue if there are additional fees or interest that have over time been added to the original loan amount.

The money, people, time and equipment required to run a business.

Return on assets (ROA) is a profitability ratio similar to ROE. It’s measured by dividing net profit by the company’s average assets. It’s an indicator of how well the company is managing its available resources and assets to net higher profits.

Source: https://online.hbs.edu/Documents/managers-guide-to-finance-and-accounting.pdf