Glossary

Gariss is a kind of sour milk from fermented camel milk. It is prepared by camel herders who depend on it as their major food source. The milk is poured into a leather bag hitched to the saddle of a camel that is allowed to ferment by a semi-continuous or fed-batch fermentation process. Gariss contains protein, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin C, and niacin (vitamin B3) and is considered healthy, although the microorganism flora is uncontrolled.

In West Africa three products are usually processed from cassava: fermented and roasted cassava flakes called garri (or gari), fermented cassava flour, called lafun (or lafu) and white cassava flour, called fufu (or akpu).

Check out the link below for a graphic that shows the three different processes to produce garri, lafun and fufu.

Source: P:J. Fellows, Food Processing TEchnology, Principles and Practice, 5th Ed. Woodhead Publishing, 2022

1. Garri                                       2. Lafun                                     3. Fufu

Gelatine is extracted from the protein collagen, which is commonly found in animal cartilage and bones. When mixed with water and gently heated, the gelatin starts to absorb the liquid and its structure unfolds, forming a gel. Upon cooling, a stable, solid network is formed, trapping the liquid inside a gel.
If gelatine is heated too much, it denatures to the point that it can no longer form a gel.

If a gel, made from gelatine is left to sit at room temperature for too long, the gelatine partly resumes its natural structure, the network starts to break up and the liquid is released.

The process through which starch granules are mixed with a liquid, heated, and burst, then absorb the moisture to form a gel; for example, sauce making.

Generated profits, reserves, and unclaimed earnings are all sources of internal funding that can be used to finance operations or investments. Generated profits are the profits a company earns from its normal operations, reserves are funds that are set aside for specific purposes, and unclaimed earnings are funds that have been earmarked for future investments or expenses.

The use of biotechnology to alter the genes of a living organism, such as an animal or plant in order to improve the characteristics of that animal or plant; for example, increased yield, increased nutritive value, increased insect resistance.

Women are typically underrepresented in the start-up sector; therefore, the goal of Girls Hackathon is to focus on being inclusive to these underrepresented communities.

See also: hackathon.

Process of international integration and breaking down of barriers to make a united global community, such as the movement of people, money, goods and services due to increased global trade and investment.

Glucose oxidase catalyses the oxidation of glucose. It is used in bakery products to improve the strength of dough as well as in preservation of packaged foods as it aids in removing glucose and oxygen e.g. from dried egg powder.

Gluten refers to a group of proteins found in some cereal grains, like wheat, barley, spelt, etc. It forms when the flour is mixed with water and produces long elastic strands in the dough, giving it elasticity, formability, water-holding capacity and structure. It is responsible for the baking properties and texture of bread and pizza doughs.